Barriers to digital skills development
The barriers that TVET teachers and trainers have faced in acquiring relevant digital skills were broadly similar prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic period, although the focus of TVET teacher digital skills development programmes has shifted from teaching teachers/ trainers how to use digital technologies for in-class teaching to training them how to use technology to deliver remote or hybrid training. During both time periods, the level and type of support available to TVET teaching staff has differed between low-income and high-income countries, and the supply-side barriers have contributed to demand-side barriers, affecting TVET teachers’/trainers’ willingness to participate in digital skills training and/or capacity to apply the digital skills they have acquired. The below tables also suggest that, although the main pre-pandemic barriers to TVET teachers’/trainers’ acquisition of digital skills for delivering TVET remotely have been set aside owing to the needs of the pandemic, they remain relevant.





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