Borhene Chakroun, Chief of Section of Youth, Literacy and Skills Development at UNESCO, and James Keevy, CEO at JET Education Services, write that the use of digital technologies in education and training supports the development of learning materials and close monitoring of teaching and learning processes, while changing pedagogies and forms of assessment and certification.

Based on a review of recent literature and a series of interviews with key actors in the field, the authors critically assess digital credentialing and highlight the increased synergies between these developments and the quality assurance systems that are closely associated with the implementation of a new generation of international qualifications frameworks.

The report offers an outline of these digital credentials and shows the junction with and deviation from traditional qualifications frameworks. It finally proposes world reference levels as an important tool for advancing the recognition of skills and qualifications across borders.