Major research projects by different international organizations concentrate on the “21st century competencies” in our knowledge economy driven by technology. The efforts aim at finding indicators, criteria, and benchmarks for international comparisons in order to assess the effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in education.

1 Recent documents emphasize innovation strategies for education and training. Attention is given to skills and needs used by modern firms, working population, and also in the arts and science education.

2 In Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) there is a tendency to emphasize the “learning by doing” approach.